Advance Electronic Industries

The trainer provides all necessary inputs and connections for students to study experiment

PCM transmission techniques.

A communication link can be established by using PCM receiver.

Features :

Crystal controlled Clock.

On - board Sine Generator ( synchronised ).

2 TDM analog channels.

PCM transmitter

Fast and slow modes for real time operation and data flow examination.

Error check code options ( odd even parity hamming code ).

( 4 ) 2 switched faults allow error check code options.

Technical Specifications

1. Crystal Frequency : 12 MHz

2. On – Board generators : 1. Adjustable amplitude sine generator of 1 & 2 KHz
frequency ( synchronized )

2. Variable amplitude DC level ( 02 nos )

3. Analog Input Channels : Two.

4. Modulation : Pulse Code Modulation.

5. Sync Signal : Pseudo random sync code generator.

6. Error checking code : Off odd even hamming.

7. Operating Mode : Fast 16 KHz / channel ( approx ) slow 68 MHz /channel
( approx )

8. Test Point : 49.

9. Interconnections : 4 mm sockets.

10. Power : 230V 10% 50 Hz.

11. Accessories :

a. Manuals.

b. Set of Patch cords.

c. Line cord.

12. Multiplexing : Time Division Multiplexing

Experiment that can be performed

1. Study of pulse code modulation technique.

2. Study of A / D converter.

3. Study of Parallel to serial data conversation.

4. Study of synchronization by Pseudo random code.

5. Study of error check code with switched faults operation.

a. Sync, clock, data, lines, connected.

b. Clock, data connected.

c. Data only.

6. Study of effect of induced faults.

7. Study of Time Division Multiplexing of PCM data.

SALIENT FEATURES

· Completely self contained stand alone unit

· Zigbee Transmitter and receiver unit

· Zigbee module with integrated Zigbee core and radio / antenna circuit.

· Integrated 2.4GHz, IEEE 802.15.4—compliant transreceiver

· 12 GPIO’s, can be configured as Digital I/0 or Analog Input

· 8 Digital Input / Outputs : DC Motor, Relay, Buzzer, 2 Switches, LED, RSSI and Power ON  

· Potentiometer and Temperature Analog Input

· RS-232 Interface

· User Friendly GUI to perform various Experiments

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

· Zigbee Module

  Transmit Power  :  2mW ( +3 dBm )

  Receiver Sensitivity  :  -95 dBm

  RF Data rate    :  250 Kbps

On Board applications

· Switches and LED’s

  LED’s      :  3 ( Power On, RSSI and Ouput)

  SPDT Switches    :  2

  Reset Switch

· Relay      -  5V / 1 CO  with its P, NC and NO Contacts on 3 pin             Connector to connect external device

· Buzzer      -  Continuous type, 3—6V operated

· Potentiometer    -  Analog interface voltage variable

· Temperature    -  Analog interface, temperature indication

· DC Motor      -  12V DC Motor, with FWD / REV facility

Experiments

· Configuring Zigbee as Co-ordinator or End Device

· Interfacing Zigbee with PC and operating all on board Input and Output devices

· Communicating between two Zigbee devices and operating Input / Output devices on the remote board

· Study of AT Commands

SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE DUE TO CONSTANT DEVELOPMENTS WITHOUT ANY PRIOR NOTICE

SALIENT FEATURES :

* Completely self – contained stand – alone unit.

* Demonstrates the principle and working of a Fibre Optics Demonstrator .

* Supply required 230V, 50Hz AC.

* Built – in IC based DC regulated power supply with short circuit protection and LED indication for supply “ON”.

* The system consists of a Fibre Optic Transmitter, Fibre Optic Receiver, Fibre Optic Cable with fitting accessories.

* The Fibre Optic Transmitter has a single input channel for both analog signal and digital signal. An electrical to light modulation signal converter with photo transducer for transmission is provided.

* The Fibre Optic Receiver consists of an optical transducer, which converts back the light modulated signal into electrical signal and then demodulates the same to provide the output.

* The fibre optic cable with fitting accessories at both the transmitter/receiver ends is provided.

* Test points are provided at various stages in the circuit to observe the waveforms and voltages.

* Housed in an elegant cabinet with a well spread intelligently designed circuit layout on the front panel.

* Strongly supported by a comprehensive instruction manual completely with theory and operation details.

• Trouble-free operation
• Sturdy construction
• Compact design

• Simplex Analog & Digital Trans Receiver
• Single Module covering large number of experiments including experiments with optical power meter (optional)
• 660 urn channel with Transmitter & Receiver
• AM-FM-PWM Modulation/Demodulation
• On-board Function Generator
• Crystal Controlled Clock
• Functional Blocks indicated on-board mimic Input/Output and test points provided on board
• On-board voice link
• Built-in DC power supply
• Numerical aperture measurement jig and mandrel for bending loss are included
• Switched faults on Transmitter & Receiver
• Detailed instruction manual consists of student workbook & operating manual containing theory workbook & operating manual containing theory of fiber optics technology, Experiments and Glossary of Fiber optics terms

The manual consists of the following chapters:

• Introduction to Fiber Optics
• Theory of Fiber Optics
• Optical Fiber Communications System
• Advantages of Fiber Optic System
• Characteristics of Optical Fiber
• Glossary of Fiber Optic Terms

Experiments That can be Performed:

• Setting up Fiber Optic Analog Link
• Setting up Fiber Optic Digital Link
• AM system using Analog Input Signal
• AM system using Digital Input Signal
• Frequency Modulation System
• Pulse Width Modulation System
• Study of Propagation Loss in Optical Fiber
• Study of Bending Loss
• Measurement of Numerical Aperture
• Characteristics of E-0 Converter (LED)
• Characteristics of Fiber Optic Communication Link
• Measurement of Optical Power Using Optical Power Meter
• Characteristics of E-0 Converter Using Optical Power Meter
• Measurement of propagation loss in optical fiber using optical power meter
• Setting of fiber optic voice link using amplitude modulation
• Setting of fiber optic voice link using frequency modulation
• Setting of fiber optic voice link using WM
• Study of Switched Fault in AM system
• Study of Switched Fault in FM system
• Study of Switched Fault ir PWM system

SALIENT FEATURES :

* Completely self – contained stand – alone unit.

* Supply required 230V, 50Hz AC.

* Built – in IC based DC regulated power supply with short circuit protection and LED indication for supply “ON”.

* IC based modulating circuit.

* Modulating circuit consists of a Two Channel Time Division Multiplexer, Variable Sampling Rate Generator, Sample and Hold Circuit and Time Division Demultiplexer to receive back the two Channels.

* Facility for connecting externally two analog signals.

* Observation of sampled Signal on CRO.

* Observation of variation in sampling frequency on the sampled signal.

* Test points are provided at various stages in the circuit to observe the waveforms and voltages.

* Housed in an elegant cabinet with a well spread intelligently designed circuit layout on the front panel.

* Strongly supported by a comprehensive instruction manual completely with theory and operation details.

• All types of Modulation Demodulation techniques using natural & flat top sampling. Pulse Amplitude Modulation Pulse Width Modulation Pulse Position Modulation Analog sampled outputs & sampled ‘hold’ outputs. Selectable 4 different sampling frequency from on-board Pulse Generator. 4 different on-board sine-wave generator Voice Communication using dynamic mic & speaker 4th order butter worth LP filter. 8 Switch Fault On – board Filter & AC amplifier

• On Board Sampling Frequency : 4 KHz, 8KHz, 16KHz, 32KHz .
• Modulation : Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Pulse Width Modulation, Pulse Position Modulation
• On - board Sine Wave Generator : 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz ( Variable Amplitude 0-4 V.p-p).
• Voice Communication : Voice link using Dynamic Mic & Speaker
• Low Pass filter cut - off freq. : 3.4 KHz / 4th order butter worth LP filter.
• Power Requirement : 230V 10% 50 Hz.
• Dimensions : a. Manualsb. Set of patch cords.c. Line cord.
• AC Amplifier : with adjustable gain control
• D.C. Output : 0 - 4 V ( Variable )
• Interconnection : 4mm Bannana Socket.
• Test point : 29

• Study of pulse amplitude modulation & demodulation using natural sampling & flat top.
• Study of pulse amplitude modulation & demodulation using flat top sampling.
• Study of pulse width modulation & Demodulation using natural & flat top sampling / with different frequency.
• Study of pulse position modulation & Demodulation using natural sampling / DC & AC modulating signal.
• Study of Voice Communication using PAM & PWM techniques.

Adtron’s Gunn Diode Based Microwave Bench Model 7501A is specialised versatile training equipment for telecommunication. It is specially designed and ruggedly constructed to last through many years of classroom and laboratory use by both skilled and novice operators. The Microwave Bench works on X Band (8.2 to 12.4 GHz).Adtron’s Gunn Diode Based Microwave Bench, Model 7501A consist of the following :
1. Gunn Oscillator 01 Nos
2. Gunn Power Supply 01 Nos
3. Pin Modulator 01 Nos
4. Solid State VSWR Meter 01 Nos
5. Slotted Section (Line) with Universal Probe Carriage 01 Nos
6. Tunable Probe 01 Nos
7. Variable Attenuator 01 Nos
8. Fixed Attenuator 01 Nos
9. Frequency Meter (Micrometer Type) 01 Nos
10. Slide Screw (S.S.) Tuner 01 Nos
11. Matched Termination (Matched Load) 02 Nos
12. Wave Guide Detector Mount 02 Nos
13. Pyramidal Wave Guide Horn Antenna 02 Nos
14. Circulator (Which can also be used as an Isolator) 01 Nos
15. Movable Short (Variable Short) 01 Nos
16. Fixed Short 01 Nos
17. Series Tee (E – Plane Tee) 01 Nos
18. Shunt Tee (H – Plane Tee) 01 Nos
19. Magic Tee (E – H Tee) 01 Nos
20. Multi - Hole Directional Coupler 01 Nos
21. Wave Guide Stands 04 Nos
22. Crystal Detector (IN 23) 02 Nos
23. Reflector 01 Nos
24 Cables with proper terminations 02 Nos
25. Nut Bolts 50 Nos
26. Open Ended Spanner (for above) 01 Nos
27. Detailed Instruction Manual 01 Nos

The following experiments can be easily performed :
1. Identification of various Microwave Components.
2. Study of various bands of Microwave Frequencies.
3. Illustrate and study the use of Gunn Oscillator and its Power Supply, along with Pin Modulator.
4. Illustrate and study the use of Frequency Meter for measurement of Microwave Frequency.
5. Demonstrate and study the relationship between Frequency, Wavelength in free space and in Wave - Guide.
6. Measurement of VSWR of an unknown Load.
7. Illustrate and study the use of Slide Screw Tuner.
8. Study of Propagations of Microwaves.
9. Illustrate and study of Antenna Testing (Gain Measurement).
10. Illustrate and study the use of Microwave Attenuator (fixed and variable).
11. Illustrate and study the use of Series Tee (E - Plane Tee).
12. Illustrate and study the use of Shunt Tee (H - Plane Tee).
13. Illustrate and study the use of Magic Tee (E - H Tee).
14. Illustrate and study the use of Multi Hole Directional Coupler.
15. Illustrate and study the use of Circulator and Isolator.

• Longer functional life
• Trouble-free learning
• Maintenance free

• On-board Sine-wave generator On-board Four Carrier Sine waves of 500Khz On board three nos. of 8-bit NRZ-L. Data Simulator. Clock frequency of 250 Hz. Data Format (Coding) is NRZ-L, Tribit encoded and Differential Encoded I & Q bits Receiver Clock generated by PLL method Demodulation is done using PLL and Envelop Detector Method Switch faults are provided to study its effects on circuits Block Description screen printed on PCB In-Built Power Supply

• Carrier Sine Wave Generator: 1. Four carrier sine waves Generated onboard. 2. Provides synchronized Sine waveform output of 500 KHz (0 deg.),500 KHz (90 deg.), 500 KHz (180 deg.), 500 KHz (270 deg.)
• Clock And Data Generator: 1. 24 bit variable NRZ-L pattern generated depending on the position of the three nos. of 8- Bit Data Switch provided 2. Clock Frequency is of 250 KHz
• Data Format (Coding): 1. Non Return to Zero-Level (NRZ-L). 2. Tribit encoded data (I ,Q & C). 3. Differential Encoded I & Q Bits
• Carrier Modulation Techniques: 1. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. 2. Differentially Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
• Carrier Demodulation Techniques: 1. Quadrature Amplitude Demodulation. 2. Differentially Quadrature Amplitude Demodulation
• On-board Features: 1. On board Three Nos. of 8 bit variable NRZ-L pattern Data Simulator 2. Switch Faults are provided on board to study different effects on circuit 3. QAM/DQAM Demodulation using PLL and Envelop detectors 4. Switch Faults are provided on board to study different effects on circuit Interconnections : 4 mm sockets
• Test Points: 32 Aprrox
• Power: 230V 10% 50 Hz, 1 AC
• Accessories: a. Detailed Instruction Manual. b. Set of Patch cords

• To Study the Elements of 8-QAM / DQAM System
• Tribit Coding & Decoding Technique of NRZ-L Data Format
• Differential Encoding & Decoding of Data
• 8-QAM Modulation & Demodulation Technique
• DQAM Modulation & Demodulation Technique
• To Study of Constellation Diagram of QAM
• To Study Bandwidth Efficiency in QAM & 8-QAM/DQAM Techniques
• Effect of Switch Faults
• Observation of constellation diagram

SALIENT FEATURES :

  Adtron’s Faraday’s Rotation apparatus Model 7501D is a specialized versatile training equipment for telecommunication. It is specially designed and ruggedly constructed to last through many years of class room and laboratory use by both skilled and novice operators. The faradays rotation apparatus works on X Band (8.2 to 12.4 GHz ).

Adtron’s Faradays Rotateions apparatus Model 7501D consists of the following :

 Circular to Rectangular Wave Guide Transistors              :           02 Nos.

Round Wave Guide with Magnetic Coil                           :           01 Nos.

Rotary Joint                                                                  :           01 Nos.

DC Power Supply                                                          :           01 Nos.

Ferrite Fitted Inside the Round Wave Guide                    :           01 Nos.

Round Wave Guide Starts                                              :           02 Nos.

Experiment :

1.         Demonstration of Faradays Law of Rotation.

Note :

 You need a Microwave source to be connected as input to the Faradays Rotation Apparatus Model 7501D. Any of the Adtron’s 7501A, B, C, E, F & G can be used as a source of input for Adtron’s Model 7501D.

• Crystal Frequency : 4.096 MHz.
• Sampling Frequencies : 32 KHz, 64 KHz, 128 KHz, 256 KHz ( switch selectable )
• On - board generator : Synchronized & adjustable amplitude sine wave
• generator at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz, separate variable D.C. level
• Integrator : 4 integrator gain settings normally x2, x4 & x8.5.
• LP Filter : 4th order butterworth ( 3.4 KHz cut off ).
• Test Points : 59.7.
• Interconnections : 4 mm sockets.
• Power : 230 V 10% 50 Hz.11.

• Easy to use
• Compact design
• Sturdy construction

• Adtron’s Gunn Diode Based Compact Microwave Training Kit Model 7501G is a specialized versatile training equipment for telecommunication. It is specially designed and ruggedly constructed to last through many years of classroom and laboratory use by both skilled and novice operators. The Microwave Bench works on X Band (8.2 to 1S2.4 GHz)
• Adtron’s Gunn Diode Based Compact Microwave Training Kit Model 7501G consist of the following :
• Sr. No. Item Qty1. Gunn Oscillator 01 Nos2. Pin Modulator 01 Nos3. Gunn Power Supply 01 Nos4. Solid State VSWR Meter 01 Nos5. Slotted Section (Line) with Universal Probe Carriage 01 Nos6. Tunable Probe 01 Nos7. Variable Attenuator 01 Nos8. Frequency Meter (Micrometer Type) 01 Nos9. Slide Screw (S.S.) Tuner 01 Nos10. Matched Termination (Matched Load) 01 Nos11. Wave Guide Detector Mount 01 Nos12. Circulator (Which can also be used as an Isolator ) 01 Nos13. Movable Short (Variable Short) 01 Nos14. Wave Guide Stands 04 Nos15. Crystal Detector ( IN23) 03 Nos16. BNC Cable 02 Nos17. Nut Bolts 50 Nos18. Open Ended Spanner (for above) 01 Nos19. Detailed Instruction Manual 01 Set’s

• Study of Gunn Oscillator.2. Frequency, Guide wavelength Measurement. 3. VSWR, Reflection Co - efficient Measurement

• Transmission Line : Coaxial Cable 100m ( 25m x 4 Nos)
• Impedance Matching Resistance : 0 to 100 ( 02 Nos )
• Test Generator : 1. Sine wave : 4 KHz to 4 MHz. 2. Square wave : 10 KHz.
• Interconnections : 4 mm sockets on all input / output connections.
• Test Points : 10
• On board circuit mimic : Illustrates functional blocks for ease of experimentation
• Power Requirement : 230V 10% 50Hz, 1 AC.
• Accessories Provided : i. Set of patch Cords. ii. BNC to BNC cable. iii. BNC to Crocodile. iv. Detailed Instruction Manual.

• Measuring the characteristics of a transmission line such as R,L,C,G,Zo, for different lengths of transmissions Line.
• Measuring the attenuation of a transmission line for different lengths of the transmission line for (i) open ended like & (ii) short ended line.
• Measuring the Input Impedance of the line under different load conditions such as (i) line terminated with matched load ; (ii) open line & ( iii ) short circuited line.
• Measuring Phase displacement between the current & Voltage at input of line different load conditions (i) line terminated with matched load ; (ii) open line & ( iii ) short circuited line.
• Frequency Characteristics of the line.
• Study of Stationary waves for different load condition (i) line terminated with matched load ; (ii) open line & ( iii ) short circuited line.
• Signal phase shift along the line. ( phase shift & phase delay )
• Fault localization within the line.
• Line under Pulsed Condition.Study the propagation of the pulse edges along the line under different matching condition viz., open line, short circuited line & matched line.

ADTRON’s Antenna Trainer Model 7502 is a very versatile and table - top training system. It is useful to study & understand the principle & working of various antennas and to plot their polar plots. The design of the system is made considering the ease of use by the student. The antennas is designed for use at higher frequencies making them handy and smaller in size for better understanding of the subject is able to measure SWR & forward / reverse power.

In - built RF generator, Tone generator Directional coupler, Matching stub, Forward / Reverse meter, & various antennas for experimentation. Necessary DC regulated power supplies is built - in. Functional blocks are indicated on the mimic panel. A set of detailed instruction / operating manual, a fully documented students workbook & a set of 20 copies of polar graph paper for antenna radiation characteristics is provided.

The trainer includes a set of modular mechanical elements forming various antennas, a transmitter unit & a detector unit.

Technical Specification

· RF Generator : 750 MHz Approx ( output adjustable ) for antenna

· Tone Generator : 1KHz Approx (output adjustable ).

· Directional Coupler : Forward & Reverse ( selectable ).

· Matching Stub : Slider Type.

· Antenna Rotation : 0 - 360^O Resolution 1^O. And 5^o

· Receiving Antenna : Folded dipole with reflector.

· Forward / Reverse Meter : Provided on main panel.

· Motorized Goniometer : Consists of stepper motor coupled platform for rating antennas. It is programmable unit where the steps of 1o or 5o can be programmed and the no. of steps also can be programmed. RS232 interface to connect the computer for plotting the online polar plot of the respective antenna.

· Other Accessories : 1. Current probe. 

2. Mounting Stands.

3. BNC—BNC Cable.

4. Screwdriver.

5. Detailed Instruction Manual. 6. Polar Graph.

7. Antenna Fabrication Kit.